# Design / 130 Years of Movements Canonical URL: https://shipslides.com/d/catalog-art-design-movements Raw viewer URL: https://content.shipslides.com/d/catalog-art-design-movements/raw Category: Art Slides: 13 Updated: 2026-05-17T20:56:05.045Z Tags: catalog, art, design, movements ## Summary A 19th–century revolt against industrial ugliness. William Morris and John Ruskin held that beauty lived in the maker’s hand — in honest materials, visible joinery, and patterns drawn from nature. Key sections include: Arts & Crafts. The hand against the machine.; Art Nouveau. Lines as living things.; Bauhaus. Form follows function.; International Style. Neutrality as an ideal.; Mid-century Modern. Modernism, but warmer.; Memphis. Color and irony come back.; Pixel art. Hard limits, hard charm.; Skeuomorphism. Wood, leather, felt.; Flat design. Pixels stop pretending.; Neumorphism. Brutalist web. Glassmorphism.. ## Slide Outline 1. Arts & Crafts. The hand against the machine. 2. Art Nouveau. Lines as living things. 3. Bauhaus. Form follows function. 4. International Style. Neutrality as an ideal. 5. Mid-century Modern. Modernism, but warmer. 6. Memphis. Color and irony come back. 7. Pixel art. Hard limits, hard charm. 8. Skeuomorphism. Wood, leather, felt. 9. Flat design. Pixels stop pretending. 10. Neumorphism. Brutalist web. Glassmorphism. 11. Maximal ↔ minimal, over and over. 12. Keep looking. Design is a conversation. ## Slide Transcript ### Slide 1: Slide 1 - ■ CATALOG - Design movements / 1880–present - 2026 / Edition 01 - DESIGN/ - 130 years of movements - 13 slides - Arts & Crafts → - Bauhaus → - Memphis → - Material - Press → to start - SLIDE 01 / 13 - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 2: 01 · pre-modern reaction - 02 / 13 - Arts & Crafts · the workshop - 1880s– - Arts & Crafts. - The hand against the machine. - A 19th–century revolt against industrial ugliness. William Morris and John Ruskin held that beauty lived in the maker’s hand — in honest materials, visible joinery, and patterns drawn from nature. - 1861 Morris & Co. founded; wallpapers, textiles, books - 1880s Movement spreads across Britain & the U.S. - Slogan: “Have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful.” - SLIDE 02 / 13 - Morris · Ruskin · Webb · Ashbee - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 3: 02 · nature stylized - 03 / 13 - Art Nouveau · the whiplash curve - 1890–1910 - Art Nouveau. - Lines as living things. - A short, intense flowering across Paris, Vienna, Brussels and Glasgow. Vines, hair, smoke — everything became a curve. Posters, ironwork, jewelry, glass: a single decorative impulse, machine-printed. - 1894 Mucha’s Gismonda poster — the look crystallizes - 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle as global stage - Klimt, Mucha, Beardsley, Horta, Mackintosh, Tiffany - SLIDE 03 / 13 - Mucha · Klimt · Horta · Mackintosh - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 4: 03 · art + craft + industry - 04 / 13 - Bauhaus · the school - 1919–1933 - Bauhaus. - Form follows function. - Walter Gropius founded a school in Weimar to fuse fine art with mass production. Geometry, primary colors, sans-serif type. The DNA of nearly every modern design school. - 1919 Founded in Weimar; moves to Dessau (1925), Berlin (1932) - 1933 Closed under Nazi pressure; faculty disperse worldwide - Itten, Klee, Kandinsky, Albers, Moholy-Nagy, Mies van der Rohe - SLIDE 04 / 13 - Gropius · Itten · Albers · Mies - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 5: 04 · the grid - 05 / 13 - International / Swiss Style - 1950s– - Helvetica. - Set in 1957 - Haas Foundry / CH - International Style. - Neutrality as an ideal. - Postwar Swiss designers built the grammar of corporate modernism: the modular grid, asymmetric layout, sans-serif type, photography over illustration. The page as engineered surface. - 1957 Helvetica released by Haas / Linotype (M. Miedinger) - 1961 Müller-Brockmann publishes The Graphic Designer and his Design Problems - Beneath every airport sign and annual report you’ve ever seen - SLIDE 05 / 13 - Miedinger · Müller-Brockmann · Hofmann · Frutiger - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 6: 05 · objects for living - 06 / 13 - Mid-century Modern - 1945–1965 - Mid-century Modern. - Modernism, but warmer. - American designers translated European modernism into furniture you actually wanted in your living room: molded plywood, fiberglass, walnut, lively color. Industrial, but human. - 1948 Eames LCW / DAR chairs in production at Herman Miller - 1956 Saarinen Tulip; 1957 Nelson Marshmallow sofa - The look that Mad Men, Pixar offices and IKEA still mine - SLIDE 06 / 13 - Eames · Saarinen · Nelson · Noguchi · Bertoia - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 7: 06 · postmodern revolt - 07 / 13 - Postmodern / Memphis - 1981–1988 - Memphis. - Color and irony come back. - In 1981 Ettore Sottsass and friends launched the Memphis Group in Milan: laminate, terrazzo, squiggles, pastel zigzags. A loud refusal of modernist good taste — and the unofficial decor of the ’80s. - 1981 Memphis debut at Salone del Mobile, Milan - Carlton bookcase, Tahiti lamp, plastic-laminate everything - Quietly fuels every Saved-by-the-Bell-meets-Spotify rebrand since 2018 - SLIDE 07 / 13 - Sottsass · Mendini · Branzi · du Pasquier - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 8: 07 · constraint as style - 08 / 13 - Pixel-era / 8-bit - 1980s–90s - Pixel art. - Hard limits, hard charm. - Console and arcade hardware allowed a few colors, a few sprites, a tile grid. Designers turned the restriction into an aesthetic: chunky icons, dithered shadows, palettes you could name. The grid moved from the page to the screen. - 1985 Super Mario Bros. on the NES (54 colors, 256×240) - 1991 Susan Kare’s Macintosh icons mature pixel craft - Re-emerges as “retro” from 2008 onward (Fez, Stardew Valley) - SLIDE 08 / 13 - Atari · Nintendo · Kare · the demoscene - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 9: 08 · software pretending - 09 / 13 - Skeuomorphic UI - 2007–2012 - Skeuomorphism. - Wood, leather, felt. - Early iOS taught a billion people to use a touchscreen by making it look like things they already knew: a yellow legal pad, a green-felt poker table, a leather Find-My-Friends app. Comforting — and, eventually, embarrassing. - 2007 iPhone launches with rich, glossy textures - 2011 iCal’s torn-paper, Game Center’s casino-felt peak - Leader: Scott Forstall — until Jony Ive takes over UI in 2012 - SLIDE 09 / 13 - Forstall · early Apple HI · Microsoft Bob (1995) - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 10: 09 · the great reset - 10 / 13 - Flat · Material · iOS 7 - 2013– - Flat design. - Pixels stop pretending. - Microsoft’s “Metro”, then iOS 7, then Google’s Material Design wiped away the gradients and bevels. Solid color, geometric icons, generous whitespace, subtle motion. Bauhaus, basically — on a phone. - 2010 Windows Phone 7 / Metro — flat lands first - 2013 iOS 7 ships; 2014 Google Material Design 1.0 - Triggered the global rebrand wave: Airbnb, Google, Pinterest, banks - ABCD - SLIDE 10 / 13 - Ive · Duarte · Google Material team · Microsoft Metro - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 11: 10 · the small revivals - 11 / 13 - Recent micro-trends - 2018– - Neumorphism. Brutalist web. Glassmorphism. - Once the big systems standardized, designers started picking at the edges. Each micro-trend is a single idea pushed hard: soft inner shadows, raw HTML brutalism, frosted glass over color. Small dialects on top of the same flat grammar. - 2019 Neumorphism viral on Dribbble (Alexander Plyuto) - 2014– Brutalist Websites — defaults, monospace, no CSS - 2020 macOS Big Sur & Windows 11 popularize glassmorphism - NEUMORPHISM - - GLASS - SLIDE 11 / 13 - Plyuto · Brutalist Websites · Apple HI · Microsoft Fluent - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 12: 11 · the cycle - 12 / 13 - The common thread - a pendulum - Maximal ↔ minimal, - over and over. - Every generation of design swings between ornament and reduction. Arts & Crafts answered industrial coldness; Bauhaus answered Victorian clutter; Memphis answered Swiss neutrality; flat design answered skeuomorphism; brutalist web answers flat. The cure becomes the next disease. - Ornament → Geometry → Pop → Constraint - Each “reset” is the previous reset, refactored - Tools — printing, photography, screens, AI — reset the pendulum - SLIDE 12 / 13 - “Every reset is the previous reset, refactored.” - ← PREV - NEXT → ### Slide 13: FIN - 13 / 13 - References & further reading - end - Keep looking. - Design is a conversation. - Two short YouTube searches to start. Open in a new tab. - Press ← to revisit any slide - YouTube · Bauhaus design history - → - YouTube · Memphis design / Sottsass - → - Wikipedia · Arts & Crafts movement - → - Wikipedia · International Typographic Style - → - Google · Material Design 3 - → - Gallery · Brutalist Websites - → - SLIDE 13 / 13 - · CATALOG · design movements · 2026 - ← PREV - NEXT → ## Related Decks - [Modern Art / 1900-1970](https://shipslides.com/d/catalog-art-modern-movements) - [Architecture / a brief structural history](https://shipslides.com/d/catalog-art-architecture) - [CINEMA — 125 Years of Moving Images](https://shipslides.com/d/catalog-art-cinema) - [Impressionism — A Gallery Deck](https://shipslides.com/d/catalog-art-impressionism)