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Hip-Hop

August 11, 1973. Cindy Campbell throws a back-to-school party in the rec room of 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx. Her brother Clive — DJ Kool Herc — runs...

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August 11, 1973. Cindy Campbell throws a back-to-school party in the rec room of 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx. Her brother Clive — DJ Kool Herc — runs two turntables side by side, finds the percussion break in James Brown's Give It Up or Turnit a Loose , and switches between two copies to extend it. The "merry-go-round" technique. The break loop. Hip-hop's clock starts here. Key sections include: HIP · HOP; 1520 SEDGWICK AVE.; OLD SCHOOL · 1979–84; GOLDEN AGE · 1986–94; STRAIGHT OUTTA; THE SOUTH RISES; GLOBAL HIP-HOP; FOUR ELEMENTS; MCs · A.SHORT.LIST; 15 RECORDS.

Key sections

  • 01HIP · HOP
  • 021520 SEDGWICK AVE.
  • 03OLD SCHOOL · 1979–84
  • 04GOLDEN AGE · 1986–94
  • 05STRAIGHT OUTTA
  • 06THE SOUTH RISES
  • 07GLOBAL HIP-HOP
  • 08FOUR ELEMENTS
  • 09MCs · A.SHORT.LIST
  • 1015 RECORDS
  • 11REGIONAL DIALECTS
  • 12WATCH THIS

Topics covered

musichiphop

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Slide outline
  1. 01HIP · HOP
  2. 021520 SEDGWICK AVE.
  3. 03OLD SCHOOL · 1979–84
  4. 04GOLDEN AGE · 1986–94
  5. 05STRAIGHT OUTTA
  6. 06THE SOUTH RISES
  7. 07GLOBAL HIP-HOP
  8. 08FOUR ELEMENTS
  9. 09MCs · A.SHORT.LIST
  10. 1015 RECORDS
  11. 11REGIONAL DIALECTS
  12. 12WATCH THIS
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https://shipslides.com/d/music-hip-hop
Category
Music
Size
372.7 KB
Updated
2026-05-17
LLM text
https://shipslides.com/d/music-hip-hop/llms.txt

Presentation Transcript

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Slide 01

1520 SEDGWICK AVE.

  • // 01 origin
  • August 11, 1973. Cindy Campbell throws a back-to-school party in the rec room of 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, the Bronx. Her brother Clive — DJ Kool Herc — runs two turntables side by side, finds the percussion break in James Brown's Give It Up or Turnit a Loose, and switches between two copies to extend it. The "merry-go-round" technique. The break loop. Hip-hop's clock starts here.
  • Within five years a vocabulary is in place: Afrika Bambaataa founds the Universal Zulu Nation. Grandmaster Flash develops backspin, cutting, and the "clock theory" for finding breakpoints. The MC — at first an emcee announcing the DJ — moves to the center. Sugarhill Gang's "Rapper's Delight" (1979) is the first rap record on a Billboard chart. It uses Chic's "Good Times" as its bed and runs over 14 minutes long.
  • "It was a party. We made a party that didn't stop."— Kool Herc
Slide 02

OLD SCHOOL · 1979–84

  • // 02 old school
  • Sugar Hill Records (Englewood, NJ) signs the Sugarhill Gang, then Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, whose The Message (1982) is the first rap record about something other than the party — Melle Mel's verses about urban decay, drugs, and dead-end work redirect the genre toward social document.
  • Afrika Bambaataa & Soulsonic Force's Planet Rock (1982), built on Kraftwerk's Trans-Europe Express and Roland TR-808 drums, is the founding record of electro. Kurtis Blow becomes the first rapper signed to a major label (Mercury, 1979). Run-DMC, three kids from Hollis, Queens, sign with Profile in 1983 — and Run-D.M.C. (1984) replaces disco beats with stark drum-machine programming and rock guitar samples.
Slide 03

GOLDEN AGE · 1986–94

  • // 03 golden age
  • A short window — roughly Run-DMC's Raising Hell (1986) through Wu-Tang's 36 Chambers (1993) — that produced more durable records than any comparable stretch in pop history.
  • Run-DMC
  • Hollis, Queens
  • Raising Hell (1986) — Aerosmith collab "Walk This Way" pushes rap onto MTV.
  • LL Cool J
  • Def Jam · 1985
  • Radio (1985), produced by Rick Rubin in an NYU dorm. Mama Said Knock You Out (1990).
  • Public Enemy
  • Long Island · 1985
  • It Takes a Nation of Millions (1988). The Bomb Squad's collage production. Chuck D + Flavor Flav.
  • Eric B. & Rakim
  • Long Island
  • Paid in Full (1987). Rakim invents internal rhyme as we know it.
  • De La Soul
  • Amityville · 1989
  • 3 Feet High and Rising. Daisy Age, Prince Paul production.
  • A Tribe Called Quest
  • St. Albans, Queens
  • The Low End Theory (1991). Q-Tip + Phife Dawg over Ron Carter bass.
  • Wu-Tang Clan
  • Staten Island · 1992
  • Enter the 36 Chambers (1993). RZA's stripped sound; nine MCs; kung-fu flicks.
  • Nas
  • Queensbridge · 1991
  • Illmatic (1994). Ten tracks, multiple producers, perfect.
  • Notorious B.I.G.
  • Brooklyn · 1992
  • Ready to Die (1994). Bad Boy Records · Sean Combs.
Slide 04

STRAIGHT OUTTA

  • // 04 west coast / gangsta
  • 1986. Schoolly D's P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?) — Philadelphia. Ice-T's 6 in the Mornin' follows. In Compton, N.W.A. — Eazy-E, Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, MC Ren, DJ Yella — release Straight Outta Compton in August 1988. Two and a half million copies. The FBI sends Ruthless Records a warning letter about "F— Tha Police."
  • Dr. Dre's The Chronic (1992) — built on P-funk samples, live G-funk synths, Snoop Dogg as the new voice — defines West Coast for the rest of the decade. Tupac Shakur (1971–1996) and Suge Knight's Death Row Records become the dominant force; the East Coast/West Coast feud peaks with the murders of Tupac (Las Vegas, Sept '96) and Biggie (Los Angeles, March '97): Biggie's killing remains unsolved; a suspect was charged in Tupac's killing in 2023.
Slide 05

THE SOUTH RISES

  • // 05 south rises
  • Atlanta-based OutKast's Aquemini (1998) is the first widely-acclaimed Southern rap masterpiece. Stankonia (2000) and Speakerboxxx/The Love Below (2003) put them at the top. UGK (Bun B and Pimp C) had been making "country rap tunes" in Port Arthur, TX since 1992. Three 6 Mafia from Memphis built proto-trap from horror-movie samples and 808 sub. By the late 2000s — T.I., Lil Wayne, Gucci Mane, Young Jeezy — Southern hip-hop is hip-hop. Atlanta producers Lex Luger, Zaytoven, Metro Boomin codify the trap sound that becomes pop's default rhythm.
  • By the 2010s the geography flattens. Kendrick Lamar's good kid, m.A.A.d city (2012) and To Pimp a Butterfly (2015). Drake from Toronto. J. Cole. Kanye West's My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010). Tyler, the Creator. Kendrick wins the Pulitzer in 2018 for DAMN. — the first non-jazz/classical winner.
Slide 06

GLOBAL HIP-HOP

  • // 06 global
  • By the 2000s the form has been localized everywhere. UK — grime in East London (Wiley, Dizzee Rascal's Boy in da Corner, 2003; Skepta), drill in Brixton. France — IAM, MC Solaar, Booba. Korea — Epik High, Tablo. Japan — Nujabes, Shing02. Brazil — Racionais MC's. Senegal — Daara J. Nigeria — Falz, Olamide. South Africa — Die Antwoord, Cassper Nyovest, Nasty C. The breakbeat has become the world's default vernacular.
Slide 07

FOUR ELEMENTS

  • // 07 elements
  • The four classical elements per Bambaataa: DJing, MCing, B-boying, graffiti writing. A fifth — knowledge — is sometimes added.
Slide 08

MCs · A.SHORT.LIST

  • // 08 mc roster
  • 01RakimWilliam Griffin Jr · Long Island · "I ain't no joke / I used to let the mic smoke"
  • b.1968
  • 02Chuck DPublic Enemy · the political voice of the era
  • b.1960
  • 03KRS-OneBoogie Down Productions · "edutainment"
  • b.1965
  • 04Q-TipA Tribe Called Quest · the abstract poet
  • b.1970
  • 05NasQueensbridge · son of jazz trumpeter Olu Dara
  • b.1973
  • 06Notorious B.I.G.Brooklyn · 1972–1997
  • d.1997
  • 072PacTupac Amaru Shakur · East Harlem to Oakland · 1971–1996
  • d.1996
  • 08Lauryn HillFugees · The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill (1998)
  • b.1975
  • 09MF DOOMDaniel Dumile · the masked villain · 1971–2020
  • d.2020
  • 10EminemDetroit · technical apex of the late-90s/2000s
  • b.1972
  • 11André 3000OutKast · half of the most ambitious duo in rap
  • b.1975
  • 12Kendrick LamarCompton · Pulitzer 2018 · DAMN.
  • b.1987
Slide 09

15 RECORDS

  • // 09 essential lp
  • 01It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us BackPublic Enemy · Def Jam
  • 1988
  • 02Paid in FullEric B. & Rakim · 4th & B'way
  • 1987
  • 033 Feet High and RisingDe La Soul · Tommy Boy · prod. Prince Paul
  • 1989
  • 04The Low End TheoryA Tribe Called Quest · Jive
  • 1991
  • 05The ChronicDr. Dre · Death Row · feat. Snoop
  • 1992
  • 06Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)Wu-Tang Clan · Loud · prod. RZA
  • 1993
  • 07IllmaticNas · Columbia · prod. DJ Premier, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, Large Pro, L.E.S.
  • 1994
  • 08Ready to DieThe Notorious B.I.G. · Bad Boy
  • 1994
  • 09All Eyez on Me2Pac · Death Row · double LP
  • 1996
  • 10The Miseducation of Lauryn HillLauryn Hill · Ruffhouse
  • 1998
  • 11StankoniaOutKast · LaFace
  • 2000
  • 12The BlueprintJay-Z · Roc-A-Fella · prod. Kanye West, Just Blaze
  • 2001
  • 13My Beautiful Dark Twisted FantasyKanye West · Roc-A-Fella
  • 2010
  • 14good kid, m.A.A.d cityKendrick Lamar · TDE / Aftermath
  • 2012
  • 15To Pimp a ButterflyKendrick Lamar · TDE / Interscope
  • 2015
Slide 10

REGIONAL DIALECTS

  • // 09b · regional sounds
  • NY Boom-Bap
  • 90s
  • DJ Premier, Pete Rock, Large Professor. Sampled jazz loops, hard drums.
  • G-Funk
  • LA · early 90s
  • Dr. Dre, DJ Quik. Whining synths, P-funk samples, slow tempos.
  • Crunk
  • Memphis/ATL · 2000s
  • Lil Jon, Three 6 Mafia. Stripped-down 808s, chant hooks.
  • Trap
  • ATL · 2003+
  • T.I., Gucci, Future. Roland TR-808 sub bass, hi-hat triplets, snare rolls.
  • Drill
  • Chicago · 2012; Brooklyn 2018; UK
  • Chief Keef, Pop Smoke. Sliding 808s, dark sample chops.
  • Cloud Rap
  • 2010s
  • Lil B, A$AP Rocky, early Yung Lean. Ambient pads, half-time drums.
  • Mumble Rap
  • 2014+
  • Future, Young Thug, Lil Uzi. Melodic, auto-tuned, often more sung than rapped.
  • Phonk
  • Memphis revival · 2010s
  • SpaceGhostPurrp, the larger SoundCloud era. Cowbells and chopped 90s vocals.
  • Grime
  • East London · 2003
  • Wiley, Dizzee, Skepta. 140 BPM, square-wave bass, MC-led.
Slide 11

WATCH THIS

  • // 10 watch
  • // illustrative placeholder city image · picsum.photos //
  • // FEATURED · 1995
  • NAS · "THE WORLD IS YOURS"
  • Pete Rock production, sample of Ahmad Jamal's "I Love Music." Off Illmatic (1994). The video shoots Queensbridge straight.
  • // Watch on YouTube //
  • // Kendrick performing "Alright" at the Grammys 2016 //
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